The Caribbean region is once again marking Caribbean Wellness Day with a reinforced pledge to confront the escalating epidemic of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Observed annually on the second Saturday of September, this crucial day serves as a powerful reminder and a call to action, highlighting the persistent threat that diseases like heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and stroke pose to the health, economy, and overall development of Caribbean nations.
The Mounting Burden of NCDs
Non-communicable diseases represent the leading cause of illness and death across the Caribbean, accounting for over 75% of all fatalities and a significant portion of premature deaths. These chronic conditions, largely driven by modifiable lifestyle factors such as unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, tobacco use, and excessive alcohol consumption, place an immense strain on healthcare systems and economies. The economic impact is profound, with estimates suggesting NCDs can cost between 1.36% and 8% of GDP annually, excluding indirect costs from lost productivity and family support. For instance, Barbados alone reportedly loses approximately US$75 million each year due to reduced work efficiency and productivity stemming from NCD-related illnesses. This alarming reality underscores the urgency for sustained and collective action.
Genesis of Caribbean Wellness Day
The foundation for this regional health initiative was laid in 2007 with the Port of Spain Declaration, “Uniting to Stop the Epidemic of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases.” This landmark declaration, issued by the Heads of Government of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), officially established Caribbean Wellness Day. Its primary aim is to foster widespread awareness about the detrimental effects of NCDs and to galvanize member states and their populations into adopting comprehensive measures for prevention and control.
A Multifaceted Approach to Healthier Lifestyles
In recent years, CARICOM and its partners have intensified efforts through various innovative strategies and public health interventions. A cornerstone of these initiatives is the “Caribbean Moves” campaign, which encourages physical activity and promotes healthy lifestyle habits across the region. Launched to combat the sedentary nature that often exacerbates NCDs, especially in the wake of global health challenges, this campaign models successful national programs like “Jamaica Moves” and aims to integrate a culture of movement and wellness into daily life.
Beyond promoting physical activity, significant attention is being paid to cardiovascular health through the HEARTS protocol. This initiative, supported by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and the World Health Organization (WHO), focuses on improving hypertension prevention and control, a critical risk factor for heart attacks and strokes. The HEARTS program involves standardized treatment protocols, better access to essential medicines, task-shifting among healthcare teams, and robust patient monitoring and counseling on healthy habits. Several Caribbean nations, including Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago, and St. Lucia, have adopted this patient-centered approach to strengthen primary care services.
Governments are also leveraging policy, legislative, and fiscal measures. These include implementing taxes on harmful products like tobacco and alcohol, regulating food labeling, and promoting healthier food environments by encouraging local agricultural production and reducing reliance on processed, imported goods high in salt and fats. The news surrounding these policy actions signals a commitment to creating environments that support healthier choices.
The Power of Collective Action
The overarching theme for Caribbean Wellness Day 2024, “Power Through Collective Action: Good Health is Our Right!”, underscores the vital need for a united, whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach. CARICOM Secretary-General Dr. Carla Barnett has consistently emphasized that tackling NCDs is a daunting yet achievable task requiring increased investment, innovative financing, and robust partnerships. The Healthy Caribbean Coalition (HCC), an alliance of over 85 civil society organizations, works alongside CARICOM, CARPHA (Caribbean Public Health Agency), and PAHO/WHO to drive this multisectoral effort.
Challenges and the Path Forward
Despite significant efforts and a strong regional commitment dating back over 17 years, progress towards global NCD targets remains slow. Recent reports indicate that most member states are not on track to meet the 2025 mortality reduction goals, with only a few countries showing promising progress. Factors such as climate change, economic pressures, and persistent gaps in healthcare access and policy implementation continue to pose challenges. Furthermore, the prevalence of NCD risk factors among young adults is a growing concern, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.
As the Caribbean community renews its commitment, the focus remains on empowering individuals and communities, strengthening health systems, and fostering an environment where good health is not just a aspiration, but a fundamental right. The ongoing integration of initiatives like “Caribbean Moves” and “HEARTS,” coupled with strong policy frameworks and sustained public engagement, are critical steps towards reducing the burden of NCDs and securing a healthier future for all.